Operating Review



  • Sourcing Content

    Our business model is built around securing content through co-productions, acquisitions or output deals and monetising the content through our global distribution network across multiple channels along with our library of over 2,100 films.

    Investment in content
    Since 2006 when Eros listed on AIM, the Company has invested US$603.1 million in content advances. Content capital expenditure this year has increased due to pipeline visibility and the acquisition of co-production deals. Content capex has increased to US$129.8 million (2010: US$81.5 million) with net cash flow from operations before interest and taxes of US$116.9 million. Of the investment of US$603.1 million, film content of US$439.6 million has been released with US$453.4 million flowing back following exploitation. The US$439.6 million of released content equates to 334 film releases as well as catalogue investments in line with the Group's portfolio approach strategy.

    Apart from the films (right), the Group also has a slate of regional films in Marathi and Punjabi as well as Tamil films through its 51% subsidiary Ayngaran and some smaller scale Hindi releases.

    Our in-house creative team also directly develops film ideas and contracts with writers and directors for development purposes. When we originate a film concept internally, we then approach appropriate banners for co-production. Regardless of whether a film will be acquired or co-produced, we determine the likely value to us of the rights to be acquired for each film based on a variety of factors, including the stars cast, director, composer, script, estimated budget, genre, track record of the production house, our relationship with the talent and historical results from comparable films.

    Our primary focus is on sourcing a diversified portfolio of films expected to generate commercial success. Our model of acquiring or co-producing films rather than having significant in-house production capability allows us to work on more than one production with key talent simultaneously, since the producer or co-producer takes the lead on the time intensive process of production, allowing us to build our film slate more rapidly.

    Content pipeline
    Eros has full visibility of its film slate for 2012 as well as 2013. Some of the major releases are showcased below:

    Film Name Star Cast/ Director Production House Release Date Status
    Ready Salman Khan, Asin T-Series June 2011 Completed
    Always Kabhi Kabhi Ali Fazal, Zoa Morani Red Chillies
    Entertainment
    June 2011 Completed
    Murder 2 Emraan Hashmi, Yana Gupta Vishesh Films July 2011 Completed
    Zindagi Na Milenge Dobara Hrithik Roshan. Farhan Akhtar Excel Entertainment July 2011 Completed
    Mausam Shahid Kapur, Sonam (Pankaj Kapur) Cinergy/ Vistaar Religare September
    2011
    Completed
    BOL Atif Aslam, Iman Ali Shoman Productions August 2011 Completed
    Rockstar Ranbir Kapoor (Imtiaz Ali) Music A R Rehman Ashtavinayak Films Nov 2011 Completed
    RA. One Shahrukh Khan, Kareena Kapoor (Anubhav Sinha) Red Chillies Entertainment October 2011 Completed
    Desi Boyz Akshay Kumar, John Abraham, Deepika (Rohit Dhavan) Next Gen November 2011 Completed
    Agent Vinod Saif Ali Khan, Kareena Kapoor (Sriram Raghavan) Illuminati Films December 2011 Post Production
    Rana (Tamil) Rajnikanth, Deepika Padukone Harra Pictures/ Next Gen FY 13 Pre-Production
    Cocktail Saif Ali Khan, Deepika Padukone Illuminati Films FY 13 Pre-Production
    Kunal Kohli untitled Shahid Kapur, Priyanka Chopra Next Gen Films FY 13 Pre-Production
  • Global Distribution

    • Theatrical

      This year's strong financial performance was underpinned by the box office success of "Housefull", "Dabangg" and "Golmaal 3". Dabangg ranked as No.1 in the Hindi box office charts this year, with Golmaal 3 at 2, Housefull at 4 and Veer at 9*. Regional success was led by the Tamil blockbuster film Endhiran which set new box office records.

      Eros released a total of 77 films during the year of which a majority were regional language films. However, the focus of the company has been to consciously shift to a mix of A category films with well-known star cast and directors with a popular theme having mass audience appeal.

      The Indian theatrical market has seen growth in both multiplex and single screen theatres with the number of digital screens overtaking physical print distribution thereby creating high margin revenue increases. The increased availability of screens has seen a trend towards wide releases and therefore a greater skew towards opening box office weekend (can be as high as 70%) as a percentage of total box office revenue across the run of a film.

      High-budget films are increasingly being released in over 2,000 screens and medium budget in over 1,000 screens and with at least 70% of those screens being digital, with cost of reaching out to those digital screens not greater than US$350 per screen, the incremental revenues from digital theatrical growth is significant and an important trend.

      The revenue model in India continues to be revenue share from multiplexes based on a pre-agreed share and minimum guarantee advances from single screen chains.

      US$ (FY 2011) 56.9 million Theatrical revenue
        2011 US$'000 2010 US$'000 Change US$’000 Change %
      India 108,339 96,221 12,118 12.6
      Europe 21,787 19,420 2,367 12.2
      North America 8,617 8,094 523 6.5
      Rest of World 25,870 25,994 (124) (0.5)
      Total 164,613 149,729 (14,884) 9.9


      The main theatrical markets outside India such as UK, USA/Canada, Dubai, South Africa, Australia, Fiji and Singapore are being serviced through our own distribution offices in these places, a unique distinction which no Indian film company in our space has been able to replicate.

      This also allows us to leverage our 360 degree marketing strength globally which is an integral part of our distribution strategy as we believe that while markets are global, audiences are local. We tailor campaigns to the market and to the film, utilising brand-tie-ups, outdoor, television, print, in-cinema, radio, mobile and online mediums to promote and generate momentum building up to the theatrical release of the film, which we believe gives our Company a big competitive edge.

      Outlook
      Following on from the successful IPO of its Indian subsidiary, Eros International Media Ltd, in October 2010, Eros has continued to enhance the strength and mix of its film slate giving it full visibility over releases for the next two years as well as augmenting the catalogue. It is envisaged that the 2011/12 film slate will include an increased number of “blockbuster” releases such as “Ready”, “Murder 2”, “Zindagi Na Milenge Dobara”, “Mausam”, “Rockstar”, “Desi Boyz”, “Agent Vinod”, and "RA One" to name a few. Our recent marketing efforts at the Cannes Film Festival are expected to open a few new markets for these films such as Taiwan and China which will then potentially unlock the value of the film library in those markets in the future.  
    • Television

      2010/11 was another successful year for television syndication. Revenues increased with a significant amount of Eros' visible film slate already pre-sold.
      US$ (FY 2011) 60.6 million Television revenue
      Television revenue
      Revenues came from new and existing deals to be shown on Star, Zee TV, Sony and other television broadcasters in India as well as dubbed and subtitled markets internationally. Internationally, we syndicate to 50 channels such as TV3 in Malaysia, SABC in South Africa and E-Vision in Dubai and the Ayngaran Tamil television network in Europe has also been increasing its subscriptions. Eros has also been able to syndicate its content through television channels for viewing by non-South Asians, opening up new markets such as Russia, Ghana, Korea and Taiwan where Eros has been able to increase its revenues through licence deals.

      Eros and the television networks continue to benefit from a virtuous circle of collaboration. The networks are achieving increasingly high ratings from their broadcasting of premium movie content. Five out of the top 10 films with highest television ratings points in 2010 calendar year were Eros films. Furthermore, having a strong slate of films strengthens the cable carriage deals for networks which drive significant revenues for them. The networks' ability to monetize content with advertisers and to market the films to audiences is optimised when there is an early tie-up with distributors. This makes agreements with Eros extremely appealing given the size and quality of Eros' film slate. In turn, Eros is able to achieve high levels of pre-sales of new releases and catalogue content providing a high visibility of future television revenues. This visibility plays a vital role in mitigating Eros' overall risk profile.

      TRPs of Films in 2009
      Ghajini 4.79
      Bhool Bhulaiyaa 4.39
      Singh is King 3.27
      Rab ne Bana Di Jodi 3.11
      Chandni Chowk to China 3.11
      Blue 3.05
      Welcome 2.94
      Bhoothnath 2.85
      Jab We Met 2.40
      Vivaah 2.16
      TRPs of Films in 2010
      3 Idiots 10.88
      Dabangg 9.19
      Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani 7.45
      Khatta Meetha 4.82
      All the Best 4.23
      Housefull 4.00
      De Dana Dan 3.97
      Wanted 3.95
      Veer 3.55
      Athithi Tum Kab Jaoge 3.32

      Note: Films that Eros was associated with have been highlighted in bold.
      Source: FICCI-KPMG 2011"Hitting the High Notes".
      Outlook
      We believe that the increasing television audience in India creates new opportunities for us to license our film content, and creates even wider audience recognition of the Eros name and film products. The value of licence fees that television networks are prepared to pay for licensing television rights has seen a steep increase due to a highly competitive television market boosted by pay TV and subscription growth and ever-increasing demand for premium content, therefore covering a significant percentage of film costs.

      The visibility of television earnings is clear due to the strength of the future pipeline of films. Eros' strategy of successfully pre-selling films to television networks for future broadcast will continue to mitigate the Company's overall risk profile.

      Almost 40% of the Company's 2012 slate cost has been covered by television and music licensing pre-sales contracts.
    • Digital New Media And Ancillary

      In addition to our theatrical and television distribution networks, we have a global network for the distribution of our content across digital and traditional formats.

      We distribute content which consists of full length films, music videos and clips, through both physical formats (DVD and VCD) and digital formats (VOD, SVOD, DTH, online).
      US$ (FY 2011) 47.1million
      Digital and Home revenue
      Digital distribution
      Our digital distribution platform is primarily comprised of SVOD, IPTV, mobile and online services. In North America, we have a relationship with International Networks, a subsidiary of Comcast, to provide an exclusive SVOD service called "Bollywood Hits On Demand". The service is now carried on Cox, Rogers, Cablevison and Time Warner. Elsewhere internationally, we provide content to OnDemand for VOD services it provides in the UK and the Middle East, as well as various other platforms such as Singtel.

      Our ad-monetised Eros channel on YouTube has received over one billion video views since it launched in 2008, and now achieves over 70 million a month.

      We are also one of the largest licensors of Indian film entertainment to a number of key airlines, including Air India, Jet Airways, British Airways, Delta, Emirates and Kingfisher. We license content to IPTV networks around the world such as Netflix, Hulu, Vudu and Aksh.

      Physical distribution
      We distribute and license content throughout the world on Blu-ray and DVDs, through major retail chains (such as Wal-Mart, Asda and Planet-M) and internet platforms such as Amazon, as well as supplying local wholesalers and retailers. We also license third party distributors internationally to provide content dubbed into local languages for consumption by non-south Asian audiences. In India we also engage in corporate bundling sales for DVDs.

      Music
      Music is integral to our films, and we not only have an Eros music label to directly monetise the music revenues but also create third party licences for the same. The major music revenues are derived from mobile rights, MP3 tracks, sold via third party platforms such as iTunes and Napster, as well as streaming services such as Spotify and Radio digital streaming, physical CDs and publishing/master rights licensing to radio and television channels in India, music synchronization rights and royalties from public performance.

      As part of our focus on expanding our music publishing revenues, Eros Music Publishing Limited has signed reciprocal agreements with EMI Music Publishing Ltd, or EMI, where EMI acts as the exclusive sub-publisher for us outside of South Asia, and we represent EMI's catalogue as exclusive sub-publisher of such catalogue within India.

      These agreements are aimed to maximise both parties' music publishing revenues in the two different markets. Through the relationship with EMI, we have entered into notable synchronisation licenses for the NBC US comedy series Outsourced, where a number of music tracks have been utilised, and in Caminho Das Indias produced by TV Globo in Brazil, which used an Eros music track as its theme song.

      VFX
      In response to the increased use of animation and visual special effects in films made both within and outside of India, in 2007 we formed EyeQube, a VFX studio headquartered in Mumbai in collaboration with internationally renowned Charles Darby. EyeQube offers services that cover the entire life cycle of VFX, from the initial development, production planning and supervision services to the final delivery of the VFX shots.

      EyeQube permits us to create high-end visual effects for our own co-productions as well as Hollywood productions. Among recent projects, EyeQube is working with Red Chillies Entertainment on the high profile film Ra.One, the much-awaited Diwali release of 2011/12. Additionally, EyeQube's reach has extended to regional language films, including the hugely anticipated release of Rajnikant's Rana.

      Outlook
      We believe the rise of internet services in India will be heavily influenced by the availability of mobile broadband.

      The growth in broadband and 3G technology also indicates a growing market to consume music as well as film content. Eros is currently pioneering an online strategy to launch India's first multiplatform model which will enable consumers around the world to access old, new and original exclusive content. We will work to replicate the Comcast model SVOD service on other platforms and markets around the world.

      We expect to add to our monetising YouTube service in the near future. We intend to add an additional layer of pay per view and premium content subscription services, where we will participate as a major content partner.

      We have invested in DAM (Digital Asset Management) a system for digitising, storing, cataloguing, retrieving, encoding, transcoding and publishing our content centrally to any platform in the world. Monetising existing content through digital platforms worldwide and creating original short form film based content for digital distribution worldwide will be a major area of focus for the Company.

Kishore Lulla
Chairman & CEO


“Kishore Lulla, 50 years, is our Chairman & CEO of Eros International, the largest fully integrated film and Entertainment Company in India.

Mr. Lulla graduated with a bachelors' degree in Arts from Mumbai University and attended the School of Business and Law at the Government & Law College, Mumbai. As Chairman & CEO of the Eros International Group, he has been instrumental in spearheading the growth of Eros International Group and since the 1980'S expanding their presence in UK, USA, Europe, Middle East, Australia, Fiji and other international markets.

Mr Lulla has over 30 years of experience in the media and film industry. As well as spearheading the strategic direction and growth of Eros International, Mr Lulla, in 1999, with Lakshmi Mittal and Gokul Binani founded the B4U Network to provide Bollywood content online. Mr Lulla is a member of the British Academy of Film and Television Arts ("BAFTA") a member of the Young Presidents' Organisation and also a board member of the University of California, Los Angeles Film School ("UCLA"). Mr Lulla has been honoured at the Asian Business Awards 2007 and the Indian Film Academy Awards 2007 for his contribution in taking Indian cinema global. In 2010 he was awarded the Entrepreneur of the Year at the GG2 Leadership & Diversity Awards”